GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING NIGERIAN PROPOLIS EXTRACT FOR ENHANCED CORROSION PROTECTION OF CARBON STEEL IN ACIDIC ENVIRONMENTS
Keywords:
Green corrosion inhibitor, Silver nanoparticles, Propolis, Carbon steelAbstract
The relentless corrosion of carbon steel, especially within the harsh acidic conditions of many industries, presents significant economic and safety challenges. In response, this study explores a sustainable and effective solution by harnessing the power of green chemistry. We detail the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an extract from North Central Nigerian propolis, evaluating their performance as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in a 1.0 M HCl solution. In this green approach, the propolis extract itself acts as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful formation and characteristics of the resulting silver-propolis nanoparticles (Ag-PrNPs) were confirmed using a suite of analytical techniques, including UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and advanced microscopy (SEM/EDX and STEM). To test their real-world effectiveness, we assessed corrosion inhibition through weight loss measurements at different temperatures and immersion times, as well as through electrochemical methods like potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results are highly promising: the Ag-PrNPs act as a powerful corrosion inhibitor, achieving an efficiency of over 96% in gravimetric tests. Our electrochemical data reveal that the inhibitor functions as a mixed-type inhibitor, suppressing both the anodic and cathodic reactions of corrosion. The formation of a protective film on the steel surface was confirmed by a significant increase in charge transfer resistance. We found that the inhibitor's adsorption onto the steel surface follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and our thermodynamic analysis points to a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. This work successfully demonstrates a novel, eco-friendly, and highly effective strategy for mitigating steel corrosion using a readily available natural resource.
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