ejecqc Open Access Journal

European Journal of Emerging Cloud and Quantum Computing

eISSN: Applied
Publication Frequency : 2 Issues per year.

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Harnessing the Quantum Cloud: An IMRaD Review of Architectures, Challenges, and Vistas

1 Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States

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Abstract

We stand at the confluence of two technological revolutions: quantum computing and the cloud. Their fusion has created Quantum Cloud Computing (QCC), a remarkable new paradigm that is prying open the doors to the quantum realm for scientists, developers, and pioneers around the globe. This review tells the story of QCC, exploring its current landscape from the ground up. We'll journey through the fascinating world of quantum hardware, from superconducting circuits chilled to temperatures colder than deep space to individual atoms trapped by lasers. We'll navigate the complex software stacks and emerging service models, like Quantum-Function-as-a-Service (QFaaS), that make this power accessible. We then turn to the thrilling applications taking shape in chemistry, finance, and artificial intelligence. However, this journey is not without its dragons. We will confront the immense challenges of the current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era—the delicate nature of qubits, the disruptive chatter of system noise, and the profound security questions that arise when delegating computations to the cloud. Finally, we'll cast our eyes to the horizon, charting the future directions for this field, from tightly-knit hybrid systems to the grand vision of a globe-spanning Quantum Internet. While the ultimate promise of quantum computing is still unfolding, this review shows how the cloud has become the essential vessel for this incredible voyage of discovery.


Keywords

Quantum Computing, Cloud Computing, Quantum Cloud Computing

References

1. Qcloud. 2024. 1Qloud Optimization Platform - 1QBit. https://1qbit.com/1qloud/. Accessed: 2024-03-07.

2. Scott Aaronson, Alexandru Cojocaru, Alexandru Gheorghiu, and Elham Kashefi. 2019. Complexity-theoretic limitations on blind delegated quantum computation. arXiv:1704.08482 [quant-ph]

3. Nikita Acharya and Samah Mohamed Saeed. 2020. A Lightweight Approach to Detect Malicious/Unexpected Changes in the Error Rates of NISQ Computers. In Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (Virtual Event, USA) (ICCAD ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 153, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3400302.3415684

4. Aakash Ahmad, Muhammad Waseem, Peng Liang, Mahdi Fehmideh, Arif Ali Khan, David Georg Reichelt, and Tommi Mikkonen. 2023. Engineering Software Systems for Quantum Computing as a Service: A Mapping Study. arXiv:2303.14713 [cs.SE]

5. Zapata AI. [n. d.]. Orquestra Platform — zapata.ai. https://zapata.ai/platform-orquestra/. Accessed 13-12-2023.


How to Cite

Harnessing the Quantum Cloud: An IMRaD Review of Architectures, Challenges, and Vistas. (2025). European Journal of Emerging Cloud and Quantum Computing, 2(02), 10-16. https://parthenonfrontiers.com/index.php/ejecqc/article/view/416

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